A gyroscope is a vital constituent of an inertial navigation system's design. Gyroscopes require both high sensitivity and miniaturization for optimal performance in various applications. An optical tweezer or an ion trap is employed to levitate a nanodiamond encapsulating a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center. We propose an ultra-high-sensitivity scheme for measuring angular velocity via nanodiamond matter-wave interferometry, grounded in the Sagnac effect. When calculating the proposed gyroscope's sensitivity, the decay of the nanodiamond's center of mass motion and NV center dephasing are taken into account. We also ascertain the visibility of the Ramsey fringes, which serves as a key indicator for the limitations of a gyroscope's sensitivity. An ion trap demonstrates a sensitivity of 68610-7 rad/s/Hz. With the gyroscope's incredibly small operating area (0.001 square meters), on-chip fabrication could become a realistic possibility in the near future.

Self-powered photodetectors (PDs) with exceptional low-power characteristics are indispensable for future optoelectronic applications in the realm of oceanographic exploration and detection. Using (In,Ga)N/GaN core-shell heterojunction nanowires, a self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) PD operating in seawater is successfully showcased in this work. Seawater environments foster a more rapid response in the PD, a phenomenon largely attributed to the overshooting currents, both upward and downward, in contrast to the pure water environment. Thanks to the heightened response rate, the rise time of PD is decreased by over 80%, and the fall time is correspondingly lowered to 30% when applied within a seawater environment rather than a pure water environment. The instantaneous temperature gradient, carrier accumulation, and elimination at semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces during light on and off transitions are crucial to understanding the overshooting features' generation. Based on the examination of experimental results, Na+ and Cl- ions are proposed to be the principal elements affecting the PD behavior of seawater, leading to enhanced conductivity and an acceleration of oxidation-reduction reactions. This research establishes a solid approach to the design and implementation of self-powered PDs, enabling their widespread use in undersea detection and communication.

In this paper, we propose a novel concept: the grafted polarization vector beam (GPVB), which is a vector beam that combines radially polarized beams with diverse polarization orders. The focused nature of traditional cylindrical vector beams is broadened by GPVBs, which display a more flexible array of focal field shapes via changes in the polarization order of the two (or more) combined segments. The GPVB's non-axial polarization, causing spin-orbit coupling during its focused beam, creates a spatial separation of spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum at the focal point. Fine-tuning the polarization arrangement in two or more grafted components results in well-controlled modulation of the SAM and OAM. Additionally, the on-axis energy flux in the concentrated GPVB beam is reversible, switching from positive to negative with adjustments to its polarization order. Our findings offer expanded control and a wider range of applications for optical tweezers and particle manipulation.

In this study, a simple dielectric metasurface hologram, constructed using electromagnetic vector analysis and the immune algorithm, is introduced. The design facilitates holographic display of dual-wavelength orthogonal linear polarization light in the visible light range, efficiently addressing the low-efficiency problem inherent in traditional designs and substantially improving metasurface hologram diffraction efficiency. A rectangular titanium dioxide metasurface nanorod structure has been meticulously optimized and designed. High-risk cytogenetics When 532nm x-linearly polarized light and 633nm y-linearly polarized light are incident upon the metasurface, distinct display outputs with minimal cross-talk emerge on the same observation plane. Simulation results show transmission efficiencies of 682% and 746% for x-linear and y-linear polarized light, respectively. The atomic layer deposition approach is then utilized in the fabrication of the metasurface. The consistent findings between the experimental and design phases confirm the efficacy of the method in achieving complete wavelength and polarization multiplexing holographic display with the designed metasurface hologram. This paves the way for its potential utility in various domains, such as holographic display, optical encryption, anti-counterfeiting, and data storage.

Non-contact flame temperature measurement methods currently in use often rely on intricate, substantial, and costly optical devices, hindering their use in portable applications and high-density distributed monitoring networks. This paper demonstrates an imaging method for flame temperatures, employing a single perovskite photodetector. For photodetector creation, epitaxial growth of a high-quality perovskite film takes place on the SiO2/Si substrate. Due to the heterojunction formed by Si and MAPbBr3, the detectable light wavelength spans from 400nm to 900nm. By implementing deep learning, a perovskite single photodetector spectrometer was created for the purpose of flame temperature measurement via spectroscopy. The K+ doping element's spectral line was strategically selected in the temperature test experiment for the precise determination of flame temperature. The wavelength-specific photoresponsivity was calculated through the use of a commercial blackbody standard source. By employing a regression technique on the photocurrents matrix, the spectral line of ion K+ was meticulously reconstructed, determined via the photoresponsivity function. The perovskite single-pixel photodetector was scanned to experimentally realize the NUC pattern, forming part of the validation experiment. Visual imaging of the adulterated K+ element's flame temperature concluded with a 5% deviation from the actual value. A means to create accurate, portable, and budget-friendly flame temperature imaging technology is offered by this system.

To address the substantial attenuation encountered during terahertz (THz) wave transmission through air, we propose a split-ring resonator (SRR) design. This design integrates a subwavelength slit and a circular cavity, both sized within the wavelength spectrum, allowing for the excitation of coupled resonant modes and yielding exceptional omni-directional electromagnetic signal amplification (40 dB) at 0.4 THz. Building upon the Bruijn methodology, a new analytical approach, numerically verified, effectively predicts the relationship between field amplification and crucial geometric parameters associated with the SRR. A high-quality waveguide mode, present within the circular cavity at the coupling resonance, distinguishes itself from a typical LC resonance, and allows for direct detection and transmission of enhanced THz signals, paving the way for future communication systems.

2D optical elements, called phase-gradient metasurfaces, modify incident electromagnetic waves by applying locally varying phase shifts in space. By providing ultrathin alternatives, metasurfaces hold the key to revolutionizing photonics, enabling the replacement of common optical elements like bulky refractive optics, waveplates, polarizers, and axicons. Still, the development of high-performance metasurfaces typically necessitates several time-consuming, costly, and potentially hazardous manufacturing steps. A novel one-step UV-curable resin printing methodology has been implemented by our research group to fabricate phase-gradient metasurfaces, effectively addressing the limitations of conventional metasurface fabrication. By implementing this method, processing time and cost are substantially lowered, and all safety hazards are removed. To demonstrate the method's viability, a swift replication of high-performance metalenses, utilizing the Pancharatnam-Berry phase gradient principle within the visible light spectrum, unequivocally highlights their advantages.

This paper proposes a freeform reflector radiometric calibration light source system for the Chinese Space-based Radiometric Benchmark (CSRB) reference payload, aiming to improve the accuracy of in-orbit radiometric calibration of the reflected solar band and reduce resource consumption, capitalizing on the beam shaping capabilities of the freeform surface. Using Chebyshev points to discretize the initial structure, a design method was formulated and applied to the freeform surface, the solution of which was subsequently obtained. The practicality of this method was subsequently substantiated by optical simulations. submicroscopic P falciparum infections The machined freeform reflector, after undergoing testing procedures, demonstrated a surface roughness root mean square (RMS) value of 0.061 mm, suggesting a well-maintained continuity in the processed surface. The optical characteristics of the calibration light source system were quantified, revealing irradiance and radiance uniformity exceeding 98% within the 100mm x 100mm illumination area on the target plane. A freeform reflector calibration light source system for onboard payload calibration of the radiometric benchmark exhibits large area, high uniformity, and light weight, thereby contributing to improved measurement precision of spectral radiance within the reflected solar band.

The experimental observation of frequency down-conversion is presented for the four-wave mixing (FWM) process in a cold 85Rb atomic ensemble, characterized by a diamond-level energy structure. Cyclophosphamide concentration An atomic cloud, featuring an optical depth (OD) of 190, is prepared for the purpose of achieving a high-efficiency frequency conversion. A signal pulse field of 795 nm, attenuated to a single-photon level, is converted to telecom light at 15293 nm, a wavelength within the near C-band, with a frequency-conversion efficiency reaching up to 32%. The OD is found to be a critical factor influencing conversion efficiency, which can surpass 32% with optimized OD values. Furthermore, the detected telecom field's signal-to-noise ratio exceeds 10, while the average signal count surpasses 2. Long-distance quantum networks could benefit from integrating our work with quantum memories derived from a cold 85Rb ensemble operating at 795 nm.